Coho Salmon

Oncorhyncus kisutch

Other names: SILVER SALMON

Average size: 6-12 lbs., up to 31 lbs

Fall Spawner

Science Fair Project
We are very pleased to announce the first visiting Scientist at Eagle Creek Springs studying the freshwater life cycle of the Coho Salmon. Audrey Deutsch a 4th grade student at Crown Hill Elementary in Bremerton, Wa. Has chosen us for her Science Fair project. This is a requirement to advance to the 5th grade. Which makes it a very important event for us. As part of this study she will be rewriting the Coho Salmon section of this web page. Because we have a great domain name we wanted t live up to the responsibility of explaining the life of the Coho Salmon. Also the second part of this study will be following the life of one generation of Coho Salmon. We watch them spawn and give life to another generation. This part of the study will be on video using our underwater camera. Adult Female Coho Salmon Adult Male Coho Salmon(spawning)
Spawning Screenshots
There are 7 different indigenous salmon in Washington State and Oregon. They are the Coho, Chinook, Chum, Sockeye, Pink Salmon, Cutthroat, and Steelhead. When Lewis and Clark came to the Pacific Northwest in 1805 there were nearly t5 million fish in the Pacific Northwest area. Now many salmon stocks in Washington and Oregon are listed as either threatned or endangered under the Federal Endangered Species Act. The slamon that we have chosen the study is the Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). We have studied these fish at Eagle Creek Springs near the Sol Duc River. The Coho Salmon is an anadromous fish. This means a fish that spends most of its life feeding in the ocean but returns to fresh water to breed. There are 2 kinds of Coho Salmon. One is a *wild salmon.* A *wild salmon* is a fish that is born in a stream, *migrates* to the ocean and returns to the same stream it was born in to spawn. A *hatchery salmon* is a salmon that is born in a hatchery, *migrates* to the ocean, and returns to the hatchery to spawn. Hatcheries have been making the Coho Salmon but they can't become wild because they always return to the hatcheries to spawn. A salmon's life history has five different stages. These are the *Alevin,* *fry, smolt, ocean salmon, and spawning salmon. A salmon egg takes 2 to 4 months to develop before they hatch. When the salmon hatch it is called and Alevin. Alevin* live under the rocks where they were born. The *alevin* are born with egg sacks and they feed from these eggs sacks for up to 40 days. They then swim out of the rocks. When they emerge from the rocks they are then called *fry.* Around April or May of the next year the salmon are very close to the ocean. The salmon now are called smolts. Smolts live in an *estuary.* An *estuary* is a pool near the ocean that has mis of fresh and salt water. They stay here for *smoltification.* *Smoltifications* is how a fish goes through changes to be able to live in salt water. A *fry* can live only in fresh water. The fry have gills to breathe. The gills separate the oxygen from the water. A *fry* is an orange color with spots. This helps from being seen from predators that would like to eat them. When a fry becomes a *smolt* its colors change to silver. They live in the *estuary* with fresh and salt water until their gills change. When their gills are able to filter out the salt, the salmon is ready to go to the ocean. The ocean salmon will live and feed in the ocean for about one year. A *Jack* is a salmon who stays less than 6 months at sea before trying to return to fresh water. The adult Coho will leave the ocean and go back to fresh water. Salmon like to swim upstream during the daytime. Most of the salmon migrate between 8 am and 6:30 pm. The peak hours for migrating are 2 pm to 4 pm. *Spawing* is how male and female fish make their children. When the female returns to the stream she picks out a spot for a nest. A nest is called a *redd.* She may have more than one nest. When she has her spot she keeps other females and the males away. The female will point her head upstream and kick at the rocks 5 or 6 time with her tail. This moves the gravel and sand out of the nest. The males do not help make nests. Many males may watch her make her nest. The males will fight and bite at each other. One male will chast all the other ones away. When the female is done with her nest, she will swim over the top of it. The male will come up next to her. Both fish will open their mouths wide and their bodies will quiver. The female will lay her eggs and at the same time the male will lay milt to fertilize the eggs. The feamale starts digging again and all the eggs are covered up in one minute. Fish eggs are heavier than water so they sink easily to the bottom and do not float away with the current. A female can lay 300 to 1000 eggs in this nest. Almost all of these eggs get fertilized. The fish may spawn may more times laying up to 3,000 eggs. After spawning both the feamle and male die. A female will live up to 11 days after spawning. The male will live up to 12 days after spawning. A *Jack* will live up to 15 days after spawning. When the fry emerge from the rock they will feed on those dead salmon creating another cycle of life. *?Frequently Asked Questions?* What do Coho Salmon eat while they are in fresh water? Coho salmon feed on aquatic bugs. Coho salmon will not feed off the bottom of streams or non-moving objects. Coho salmon only feed during the day and quit eating once it gets dark. *Why do Coho try to move into small streams in the winter?* *Small streams have a more stable water flow. There is more woody debris in this area to hide from predators.* What is a smolt migration? Smolts move out of the streams in the spring. Peak time for migration is in May. Smolts migrate in schools of 10 to 50 smolts. The smolts migrate during the night. When the Coho Salmon reach the ocean where do they live? Coho salmon will live close to where there is a food supply. They tend to stay clost to shore to avoid predators. They stay in-between the surface and the depth of 98 feet of water. The Coho salmon will start to move north as the waters warm up. They tend to migrate north to the Gulf of Alaska as the temperature of the water rises. Salmon don't stay in water cooler than 44 degrees Fahrenheit. What is the survival rate of the Coho Salmon? The survival rate of the Coho Salmon is 3 to 4 times greater than other salmon species. This is because Coho stay in streams longer and can reach creeks that my be inaccessible to breeds of salmon. Their survival rate can increase with improvements in their habitat. Clean water, clean spawning gravel, woody debris and improved feeding conditions are what are needed. How fast can a Coho salmon swim? Depending on the flow rate of the stream the Coho Salmon can swim from 0.8 MPH up to 1.67 MPH. They can sprint up to a speed of 24.5 MPH, that's about 36 feet per second. Why do Coho Salmon jump out of the water? While moving upstream Coho Salmon may jump to clear obstacles. They can jump as high as 6 1/2 feet. Fry jump to catch bugs on the water sruface. In the ocean they will jimp to escape predators such as seals and Orcas. When females return backto fresh water to spawn, they will jump clear of the water to loosen their eggs sacks. What is the survival rate of the eggs that are laid? The amount of fry that will emrge from the rock can be as high as 78%. This is if the spawning area is in good condition with clean water and good sand/gravel mixture. If these condition aren't very good the percentage drops to between 15% and 27%. *Vocabulary Words* *Anadromous fish:* A fish that spends most of its life feeding in the ocean and return to fresh water to breed. *Wild Salmon:* A native salmon that are the children of salmon that have spawned in the same stream. *Migrate:* To move from one place to another. *Hatchery Salmon:* A salmon that is born in a hatchery and returns to the hatchery to spawn. *Alevin:* A salmon that is hatched from eggs that were laid by a spawning female. Lives in the nest for 40 days eating from their eggs sacks. Fry: Young salmon that leaves the nest. They ar colored orange with spots so that they can hide in wood debris and gravel away from predators. These salmon stay close to where they were born and feed on the salmon that have died spawning and aquatic bugs (water bugs). Also known as fingerlings. *Smolt:* A salmon that is getting ready to leave fresh water to go to sea. They turn a silver color to help them in the ocean away from predators better. This salmon lives in an estuary. Also known as a parr. *Estuary:* Where the river meets the ocean. Half the water is fresh water and the other half is salt water. Where the salmon go through smoltification. *Smoltification:* A Coho fry can only live in freshwater. They have gills to breathe in fresh water. The gills separate the oxygen from the water. Because they are surrounded by freshwater their bodies have a hard time getting rid of water. One of the things fry do to get rid of a lof of the water is by urinating. They are constantly doing this as theya re swimming so they can take in more water. As they begin to move downstream they begin to turn into smolts. The salmon's gills start to change. In order to live in the saltwater they need to be able to remvoe the salt from the water. If that doesn't happen the salt that they take in will cause their bodies to dehydrate and shrivel up. This change happens when they are in the estuary. They need this area as their gills change because they still need to take in freshwater until they can filter out the salt. Once this change is complete they can live in the ocean. *Jack:* A male salmon that only spends 4 to 6 months instead of a year in the ocean before trying to return to fresh water to spawn. *Spawning:* How female and male slamon make their children. Females dig nests with their tails to lay their eggs. The eggs are laid by the female and the males lay kilt to fertilize them. A female then covers the eggs back up with her tail to protect them. *Redd:* Area where female Cohos make their nests and the salmon spawn.

Science Fair Project

We are very pleased to announce the first visiting Scientist at Eagle Creek Springs studying the freshwater life cycle of the Coho Salmon. Audrey Deutsch a 4th grade student at Crown Hill Elementary in Bremerton, Wa. Has chosen us for her Science Fair project. This is a requirement to advance to the 5th grade. Which makes it a very important event for us. As part of this study she will be rewriting the Coho Salmon section of this web page. Because we have a great domain name we wanted t live up to the responsibility of explaining the life of the Coho Salmon. Also the second part of this study will be following the life of one generation of Coho Salmon. We watch them spawn and give life to another generation. This part of the study will be on video using our underwater camera.

Adult Female Coho Salmon

Adult Male Coho Salmon(spawning)

Spawning Screenshots

There are 7 different indigenous salmon in Washington State and Oregon. They are the Coho, Chinook, Chum, Sockeye, Pink Salmon, Cutthroat, and Steelhead. When Lewis and Clark came to the Pacific Northwest in 1805 there were nearly t5 million fish in the Pacific Northwest area. Now many salmon stocks in Washington and Oregon are listed as either threatned or endangered under the Federal Endangered Species Act. The slamon that we have chosen the study is the Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). We have studied these fish at Eagle Creek Springs near the Sol Duc River.

The Coho Salmon is an anadromous fish. This means a fish that spends most of its life feeding in the ocean but returns to fresh water to breed.

There are 2 kinds of Coho Salmon. One is a wild salmon. A wild salmon is a fish that is born in a stream, migrates to the ocean and returns to the same stream it was born in to spawn. A hatchery salmon is a salmon that is born in a hatchery, migrates to the ocean, and returns to the hatchery to spawn. Hatcheries have been making the Coho Salmon but they can't become wild because they always return to the hatcheries to spawn.

A salmon's life history has five different stages. These are the Alevin, fry, smolt, ocean salmon, and spawning salmon.

A salmon egg takes 2 to 4 months to develop before they hatch. When the salmon hatch it is called and Alevin. Alevin live under the rocks where they were born. The alevin are born with egg sacks and they feed from these eggs sacks for up to 40 days. They then swim out of the rocks. When they emerge from the rocks they are then called fry.

Around April or May of the next year the salmon are very close to the ocean. The salmon now are called smolts. Smolts live in an estuary. An estuary is a pool near the ocean that has mis of fresh and salt water. They stay here for smoltification.

Smoltifications is how a fish goes through changes to be able to live in salt water. A fry can live only in fresh water. The fry have gills to breathe. The gills separate the oxygen from the water. A fry is an orange color with spots. This helps from being seen from predators that would like to eat them. When a fry becomes a smolt its colors change to silver. They live in the estuary with fresh and salt water until their gills change. When their gills are able to filter out the salt, the salmon is ready to go to the ocean. The ocean salmon will live and feed in the ocean for about one year. A Jack is a salmon who stays less than 6 months at sea before trying to return to fresh water.

The adult Coho will leave the ocean and go back to fresh water. Salmon like to swim upstream during the daytime. Most of the salmon migrate between 8 am and 6:30 pm. The peak hours for migrating are 2 pm to 4 pm.

Spawing is how male and female fish make their children. When the female returns to the stream she picks out a spot for a nest. A nest is called a redd. She may have more than one nest. When she has her spot she keeps other females and the males away. The female will point her head upstream and kick at the rocks 5 or 6 time with her tail. This moves the gravel and sand out of the nest. The males do not help make nests. Many males may watch her make her nest. The males will fight and bite at each other. One male will chast all the other ones away.

When the female is done with her nest, she will swim over the top of it. The male will come up next to her. Both fish will open their mouths wide and their bodies will quiver. The female will lay her eggs and at the same time the male will lay milt to fertilize the eggs. The feamale starts digging again and all the eggs are covered up in one minute. Fish eggs are heavier than water so they sink easily to the bottom and do not float away with the current. A female can lay 300 to 1000 eggs in this nest. Almost all of these eggs get fertilized. The fish may spawn may more times laying up to 3,000 eggs.

After spawning both the feamle and male die. A female will live up to 11 days after spawning. The male will live up to 12 days after spawning. A Jack will live up to 15 days after spawning. When the fry emerge from the rock they will feed on those dead salmon creating another cycle of life.

?Frequently Asked Questions?

What do Coho Salmon eat while they are in fresh water? Coho salmon feed on aquatic bugs. Coho salmon will not feed off the bottom of streams or non-moving objects. Coho salmon only feed during the day and quit eating once it gets dark.

Why do Coho try to move into small streams in the winter? Small streams have a more stable water flow. There is more woody debris in this area to hide from predators.

What is a smolt migration? Smolts move out of the streams in the spring. Peak time for migration is in May. Smolts migrate in schools of 10 to 50 smolts. The smolts migrate during the night.

When the Coho Salmon reach the ocean where do they live? Coho salmon will live close to where there is a food supply. They tend to stay clost to shore to avoid predators. They stay in-between the surface and the depth of 98 feet of water. The Coho salmon will start to move north as the waters warm up. They tend to migrate north to the Gulf of Alaska as the temperature of the water rises. Salmon don't stay in water cooler than 44 degrees Fahrenheit.

What is the survival rate of the Coho Salmon? The survival rate of the Coho Salmon is 3 to 4 times greater than other salmon species. This is because Coho stay in streams longer and can reach creeks that my be inaccessible to breeds of salmon. Their survival rate can increase with improvements in their habitat. Clean water, clean spawning gravel, woody debris and improved feeding conditions are what are needed.

How fast can a Coho salmon swim? Depending on the flow rate of the stream the Coho Salmon can swim from 0.8 MPH up to 1.67 MPH. They can sprint up to a speed of 24.5 MPH, that's about 36 feet per second.

Why do Coho Salmon jump out of the water? While moving upstream Coho Salmon may jump to clear obstacles. They can jump as high as 6 1/2 feet. Fry jump to catch bugs on the water sruface. In the ocean they will jimp to escape predators such as seals and Orcas. When females return backto fresh water to spawn, they will jump clear of the water to loosen their eggs sacks.

What is the survival rate of the eggs that are laid? The amount of fry that will emrge from the rock can be as high as 78%. This is if the spawning area is in good condition with clean water and good sand/gravel mixture. If these condition aren't very good the percentage drops to between 15% and 27%.

Vocabulary Words

Anadromous fish: A fish that spends most of its life feeding in the ocean and return to fresh water to breed.

Wild Salmon: A native salmon that are the children of salmon that have spawned in the same stream.

Migrate: To move from one place to another.

Hatchery Salmon: A salmon that is born in a hatchery and returns to the hatchery to spawn.

Alevin: A salmon that is hatched from eggs that were laid by a spawning female. Lives in the nest for 40 days eating from their eggs sacks.

Fry: Young salmon that leaves the nest. They ar colored orange with spots so that they can hide in wood debris and gravel away from predators. These salmon stay close to where they were born and feed on the salmon that have died spawning and aquatic bugs (water bugs). Also known as fingerlings.

Smolt: A salmon that is getting ready to leave fresh water to go to sea. They turn a silver color to help them in the ocean away from predators better. This salmon lives in an estuary. Also known as a parr.

Estuary: Where the river meets the ocean. Half the water is fresh water and the other half is salt water. Where the salmon go through smoltification.

Smoltification: A Coho fry can only live in freshwater. They have gills to breathe in fresh water. The gills separate the oxygen from the water. Because they are surrounded by freshwater their bodies have a hard time getting rid of water. One of the things fry do to get rid of a lof of the water is by urinating. They are constantly doing this as theya re swimming so they can take in more water. As they begin to move downstream they begin to turn into smolts. The salmon's gills start to change. In order to live in the saltwater they need to be able to remvoe the salt from the water. If that doesn't happen the salt that they take in will cause their bodies to dehydrate and shrivel up. This change happens when they are in the estuary. They need this area as their gills change because they still need to take in freshwater until they can filter out the salt. Once this change is complete they can live in the ocean.

Jack: A male salmon that only spends 4 to 6 months instead of a year in the ocean before trying to return to fresh water to spawn.

Spawning: How female and male slamon make their children. Females dig nests with their tails to lay their eggs. The eggs are laid by the female and the males lay kilt to fertilize them. A female then covers the eggs back up with her tail to protect them.

Redd: Area where female Cohos make their nests and the salmon spawn.

Science Fair Project
We are very pleased to announce the first visiting Scientist at Eagle Creek Springs studying the freshwater life cycle of the Coho Salmon. Audrey Deutsch a 4th grade student at Crown Hill Elementary in Bremerton, Wa. Has chosen us for her Science Fair project. This is a requirement to advance to the 5th grade. Which makes it a very important event for us. As part of this study she will be rewriting the Coho Salmon section of this web page. Because we have a great domain name we wanted t live up to the responsibility of explaining the life of the Coho Salmon. Also the second part of this study will be following the life of one generation of Coho Salmon. We watch them spawn and give life to another generation. This part of the study will be on video using our underwater camera. Adult Female Coho Salmon Adult Male Coho Salmon(spawning)
Spawning Screenshots
There are 7 different indigenous salmon in Washington State and Oregon. They are the Coho, Chinook, Chum, Sockeye, Pink Salmon, Cutthroat, and Steelhead. When Lewis and Clark came to the Pacific Northwest in 1805 there were nearly t5 million fish in the Pacific Northwest area. Now many salmon stocks in Washington and Oregon are listed as either threatned or endangered under the Federal Endangered Species Act. The slamon that we have chosen the study is the Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). We have studied these fish at Eagle Creek Springs near the Sol Duc River. The Coho Salmon is an anadromous fish. This means a fish that spends most of its life feeding in the ocean but returns to fresh water to breed. There are 2 kinds of Coho Salmon. One is a *wild salmon.* A *wild salmon* is a fish that is born in a stream, *migrates* to the ocean and returns to the same stream it was born in to spawn. A *hatchery salmon* is a salmon that is born in a hatchery, *migrates* to the ocean, and returns to the hatchery to spawn. Hatcheries have been making the Coho Salmon but they can't become wild because they always return to the hatcheries to spawn. A salmon's life history has five different stages. These are the *Alevin,* *fry, smolt, ocean salmon, and spawning salmon. A salmon egg takes 2 to 4 months to develop before they hatch. When the salmon hatch it is called and Alevin. Alevin* live under the rocks where they were born. The *alevin* are born with egg sacks and they feed from these eggs sacks for up to 40 days. They then swim out of the rocks. When they emerge from the rocks they are then called *fry.* Around April or May of the next year the salmon are very close to the ocean. The salmon now are called smolts. Smolts live in an *estuary.* An *estuary* is a pool near the ocean that has mis of fresh and salt water. They stay here for *smoltification.* *Smoltifications* is how a fish goes through changes to be able to live in salt water. A *fry* can live only in fresh water. The fry have gills to breathe. The gills separate the oxygen from the water. A *fry* is an orange color with spots. This helps from being seen from predators that would like to eat them. When a fry becomes a *smolt* its colors change to silver. They live in the *estuary* with fresh and salt water until their gills change. When their gills are able to filter out the salt, the salmon is ready to go to the ocean. The ocean salmon will live and feed in the ocean for about one year. A *Jack* is a salmon who stays less than 6 months at sea before trying to return to fresh water. The adult Coho will leave the ocean and go back to fresh water. Salmon like to swim upstream during the daytime. Most of the salmon migrate between 8 am and 6:30 pm. The peak hours for migrating are 2 pm to 4 pm. *Spawing* is how male and female fish make their children. When the female returns to the stream she picks out a spot for a nest. A nest is called a *redd.* She may have more than one nest. When she has her spot she keeps other females and the males away. The female will point her head upstream and kick at the rocks 5 or 6 time with her tail. This moves the gravel and sand out of the nest. The males do not help make nests. Many males may watch her make her nest. The males will fight and bite at each other. One male will chast all the other ones away. When the female is done with her nest, she will swim over the top of it. The male will come up next to her. Both fish will open their mouths wide and their bodies will quiver. The female will lay her eggs and at the same time the male will lay milt to fertilize the eggs. The feamale starts digging again and all the eggs are covered up in one minute. Fish eggs are heavier than water so they sink easily to the bottom and do not float away with the current. A female can lay 300 to 1000 eggs in this nest. Almost all of these eggs get fertilized. The fish may spawn may more times laying up to 3,000 eggs. After spawning both the feamle and male die. A female will live up to 11 days after spawning. The male will live up to 12 days after spawning. A *Jack* will live up to 15 days after spawning. When the fry emerge from the rock they will feed on those dead salmon creating another cycle of life. *?Frequently Asked Questions?* What do Coho Salmon eat while they are in fresh water? Coho salmon feed on aquatic bugs. Coho salmon will not feed off the bottom of streams or non-moving objects. Coho salmon only feed during the day and quit eating once it gets dark. *Why do Coho try to move into small streams in the winter?* *Small streams have a more stable water flow. There is more woody debris in this area to hide from predators.* What is a smolt migration? Smolts move out of the streams in the spring. Peak time for migration is in May. Smolts migrate in schools of 10 to 50 smolts. The smolts migrate during the night. When the Coho Salmon reach the ocean where do they live? Coho salmon will live close to where there is a food supply. They tend to stay clost to shore to avoid predators. They stay in-between the surface and the depth of 98 feet of water. The Coho salmon will start to move north as the waters warm up. They tend to migrate north to the Gulf of Alaska as the temperature of the water rises. Salmon don't stay in water cooler than 44 degrees Fahrenheit. What is the survival rate of the Coho Salmon? The survival rate of the Coho Salmon is 3 to 4 times greater than other salmon species. This is because Coho stay in streams longer and can reach creeks that my be inaccessible to breeds of salmon. Their survival rate can increase with improvements in their habitat. Clean water, clean spawning gravel, woody debris and improved feeding conditions are what are needed. How fast can a Coho salmon swim? Depending on the flow rate of the stream the Coho Salmon can swim from 0.8 MPH up to 1.67 MPH. They can sprint up to a speed of 24.5 MPH, that's about 36 feet per second. Why do Coho Salmon jump out of the water? While moving upstream Coho Salmon may jump to clear obstacles. They can jump as high as 6 1/2 feet. Fry jump to catch bugs on the water sruface. In the ocean they will jimp to escape predators such as seals and Orcas. When females return backto fresh water to spawn, they will jump clear of the water to loosen their eggs sacks. What is the survival rate of the eggs that are laid? The amount of fry that will emrge from the rock can be as high as 78%. This is if the spawning area is in good condition with clean water and good sand/gravel mixture. If these condition aren't very good the percentage drops to between 15% and 27%. *Vocabulary Words* *Anadromous fish:* A fish that spends most of its life feeding in the ocean and return to fresh water to breed. *Wild Salmon:* A native salmon that are the children of salmon that have spawned in the same stream. *Migrate:* To move from one place to another. *Hatchery Salmon:* A salmon that is born in a hatchery and returns to the hatchery to spawn. *Alevin:* A salmon that is hatched from eggs that were laid by a spawning female. Lives in the nest for 40 days eating from their eggs sacks. Fry: Young salmon that leaves the nest. They ar colored orange with spots so that they can hide in wood debris and gravel away from predators. These salmon stay close to where they were born and feed on the salmon that have died spawning and aquatic bugs (water bugs). Also known as fingerlings. *Smolt:* A salmon that is getting ready to leave fresh water to go to sea. They turn a silver color to help them in the ocean away from predators better. This salmon lives in an estuary. Also known as a parr. *Estuary:* Where the river meets the ocean. Half the water is fresh water and the other half is salt water. Where the salmon go through smoltification. *Smoltification:* A Coho fry can only live in freshwater. They have gills to breathe in fresh water. The gills separate the oxygen from the water. Because they are surrounded by freshwater their bodies have a hard time getting rid of water. One of the things fry do to get rid of a lof of the water is by urinating. They are constantly doing this as theya re swimming so they can take in more water. As they begin to move downstream they begin to turn into smolts. The salmon's gills start to change. In order to live in the saltwater they need to be able to remvoe the salt from the water. If that doesn't happen the salt that they take in will cause their bodies to dehydrate and shrivel up. This change happens when they are in the estuary. They need this area as their gills change because they still need to take in freshwater until they can filter out the salt. Once this change is complete they can live in the ocean. *Jack:* A male salmon that only spends 4 to 6 months instead of a year in the ocean before trying to return to fresh water to spawn. *Spawning:* How female and male slamon make their children. Females dig nests with their tails to lay their eggs. The eggs are laid by the female and the males lay kilt to fertilize them. A female then covers the eggs back up with her tail to protect them. *Redd:* Area where female Cohos make their nests and the salmon spawn.